PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.